1.
Effects of probiotics on type II diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis.
Tao, YW, Gu, YL, Mao, XQ, Zhang, L, Pei, YF
Journal of translational medicine. 2020;(1):30
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of probiotics on type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS We performed a comprehensive search on PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Scientific Journal Databases, Wan Fang database and China biology medicine disc for relevant studies published before June 2019. Glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were used as indicators for T2DM. Inverse-variance weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated for the mean HbA1c, FBG and HOMA-IR changes from baseline. RESULTS 15 randomized controlled trials (RCT) with a total of 902 participants were included into the meta-analysis. Considering the clinical heterogeneity caused by variation of dosage and duration of probiotic treatment, random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled WMD. Significantly greater reduction in HbA1c% (WMD = - 0.24, 95% CI [- 0.44, - 0.04], p = 0.02), FBG (WMD = - 0.44 mmol/L, 95% CI [- 0.74, - 0.15], p = 0.003) and HOMA-IR (WMD = - 1.07, 95% CI [- 1.58, - 0.56], p < 0.00001) were observed in probiotics treated group. Further sensitivity analysis verified the reliability and stability of our results. CONCLUSION The results of our meta-analysis indicated that probiotics treatment may reduce HbA1c, FBG and insulin resistance level in T2DM patients. More clinical data and research into the mechanism of probiotics are needed to clarify the role of probiotics in T2DM.
2.
Serological investigation of IgG and IgE antibodies against food antigens in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Wang, HY, Li, Y, Li, JJ, Jiao, CH, Zhao, XJ, Li, XT, Lu, MJ, Mao, XQ, Zhang, HJ
World journal of clinical cases. 2019;7(16):2189-2203
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Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are relapsing gut inflammatory diseases that are usually referred to as Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). It may be triggered by an imbalance in immune response in response to environmental factors such as diet. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the presence of IgG and IgE mediated antibodies to food antigens in IBD patients. There were one hundred and thirty-seven IBD patients participating in this study, including forty Ulcerative colitis patients and ninety-seven Crohn's disease patients against fifty healthy controls to test serum IgG antibodies to fourteen specific food antigens and serum IgE antibodies to fourteen specific food antigens. There were significantly higher IgG antibodies in response to food antigens in Crohn's disease patients than in Ulcerative colitis patients and healthy controls. Food antigens such as tomato, corn, egg, rice, and soybean exhibited varying levels of IgG antibody responses in Crohn's disease patients and ulcerative colitis patients. Smokers were more likely to develop IgG reactions. Further robust research is needed to examine more IgG-specific food antigens to help manage IBD with an elimination rotation diet. The results of this study can help healthcare professionals understand the importance of diagnosing food intolerances when treating IBD.
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food antigens have been shown to participate in the etiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but their clinical value in IBD is still unclear. AIM: To analyze the levels of specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and E (IgE) antibodies against food antigens in IBD patients and to determine their clinical value in the pathogenesis of IBD. METHODS We performed a retrospective study based on patients who visited the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between August 2016 and January 2018. A total of 137 IBD patients, including 40 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 97 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), and 50 healthy controls (HCs), were recruited. Serum food-specific IgG antibodies were detected by semi-quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and serum food-specific IgE antibodies were measured by Western blot. The value of food-specific IgG antibodies was compared among different groups, and potent factors related to these antibodies were explored by binary logistic regression. RESULTS Food-specific IgG antibodies were detected in 57.5% of UC patients, in 90.72% of CD patients and in 42% of HCs. A significantly high prevalence and titer of food-specific IgG antibodies were observed in CD patients compared to UC patients and HCs. The number of IgG-positive foods was greater in CD and UC patients than in HCs (CD vs HCs, P = 0.000; UC vs HCs, P = 0.029). The top five food antigens that caused positive specific IgG antibodies in CD patients were tomato (80.68%), corn (69.32%), egg (63.64%), rice (61.36%), and soybean (46.59%). The foods that caused positive specific IgG antibodies in UC patients were egg (60.87%), corn (47.83%), tomato (47.83%), rice (26.09%), and soybean (21.74%). Significantly higher levels of total food-specific IgG were detected in IBD patients treated with anti-TNFα therapy compared to patients receiving steroids and immunosuppressants (anti-TNFα vs steroids, P = 0.000; anti-TNFα vs immunosuppressants, P = 0.000; anti-TNFα vs steroids + immunosuppressants, P = 0.003). A decrease in food-specific IgG levels was detected in IBD patients after receiving anti-TNFα therapy (P = 0.007). Patients who smoked and CD patients were prone to developing serum food-specific IgG antibodies [Smoke: OR (95%CI): 17.6 (1.91-162.26), P = 0.011; CD patients: OR (95%CI): 12.48 (3.45-45.09), P = 0.000]. There was no difference in the prevalence of food-specific IgE antibodies among CD patients (57.1%), UC patients (65.2%) and HCs (60%) (P = 0.831). CONCLUSION CD patients have a higher prevalence of food-specific IgG antibodies than UC patients and HCs. IBD patients are prone to rice, corn, tomato and soybean intolerance. Smoking may be a risk factor in the occurrence of food-specific IgG antibodies. Food-specific IgG antibodies may be a potential method in the diagnosis and management of food intolerance in IBD.